Study design, materials and methods
From September 2018 to October 2019, a total of 3800 students (aged16-22 years) from two universities in Henan Province were involved in this study. Students come from 368 cities of all over the country. The information were collected by anonymous questionnaire and physical examination by the same urologist. The questionnaire included general items such as date of birth, birthplace, height, weight, and the degree of parents' education, history of urinary infection(UTI). The physical examination included items such as redundant prepuce , phimosis, foreskin adhesion, occult penis, cryptorchidism, balanoposthitis and history of circumcision. Finally, the prevalence of genital disease were evaluated and Chi-square test was used for correlation analysis (P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant).
Results
A total of 3702 questionnaires (97.4%) were collected and 3599 of which (94.7%) was qualified for statistical analysis. In this study, the prevalence of various genital disease: redundant prepuce 58.7% (2114/3599), phimosis 1.8%(67/3599), foreskin adhesion 0.7%(28/3599), occult penis 1.6%(58/3599), cryptorchidism 0.3%(12/3599). A total of 5.4%(196/3599) with UTI history. 58.3% (7/12) patients with cryptorchidism have undergone cryptorchid surgery. 15.6% of male college students have undergone circumcision treatment, and among them, 16.3% students’ parents whose degree is above high school and 15.5% students’ parents whose degree is below high school (including high school), difference was not statistically significant（χ2=0.133,P＞0.05）. The prevalence of UTI with redundant prepuce was 6.3%, and the prevalence of UTI without redundant prepuce was 4.2%, difference was statistically significant(χ2=7.112, P＜0.05). The prevalence of balanoposthitis with redundant prepuce was 9.3%, and the prevalence of balanoposthitis without redundant prepuce was 6.1%, difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.735,P＜0.05).
Interpretation of results
In this study, genital disease prevalence is high, redundant prepuce and phimosis are the most common genital diseases. In addition, the prevalence of UTI and balanoposthitis with redundant prepuce is significantly higher than those of with no redundant prepuce. However, only a small part of patients seek active treatment, and there was no significant correlation between whether to undergo circumcision treatment and the degree of parents' education.