This state of the art lecture will highlight the 'progress that has been made in the clarification of the role of the CNS in bladder and pelvic control. Unfortunately, this progress did not lead to a change of our clinical practice. This lecture will review several milestones in science. A possible roadmap will be presented for the next five years on how relevant basic, translational and clinical science can be combined in order to change our clinical practice for functional bladder disorders..'